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Glossary
Adenoma
A benign tumor that may develop on the lining of the colon and has the potential to become cancerous.
Biopsy
A medical procedure to remove a sample of tissue from the colon to be examined for cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
A type of cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It can be administered in several ways, such as through injections, infusions, or oral medications, and is often used in combination with other treatments like surgery or radiation.
Colon
The part of the large intestine that connects the cecum to the rectum, where water is absorbed and waste is prepared for elimination.
Colon Cancer
Cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, often referred to collectively as colorectal cancer.
Colonoscopy
A diagnostic procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera to view the inside of the colon and rectum.
Early Stage
Refers to cancer that is confined to the colon and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs.
Metastasis
The spread of cancer from the colon to other parts of the body, such as the liver or lungs.
Polyps
Abnormal growths on the colon lining, some of which can develop into cancer if not removed.
Prognosis
The likely course of a disease or the chance of recovery or recurrence, based on various clinical factors.
Radiation Therapy
A treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors.
Recurrence
Cancer that has returned after a period of time during which the cancer could not be detected.
Remission
A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. Remission can be partial or complete.
Screening
Testing for cancer in people who do not have any symptoms, aimed at finding cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages.
Stage
The classification of cancer based on its size, depth of invasion, and extent of spread. Stages range from I (localized) to IV (advanced, metastatic).
Surgery
A common treatment for colon cancer, which may involve the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
Symptoms
Signs of colon cancer can include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, and unintended weight loss.
Targeted Therapy
A type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.
Treatment Plan
A comprehensive strategy outlining the approach to treating colon cancer, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Tumor Marker
Substances found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be indicative of cancer, such as CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen).
Signs & Symptoms Of Cancers
Regular medical visits and screenings are important to catch Cancer early, which can increase the chances of successful treatment. If you notice any lasting symptoms or changes in your health, it's essential to talk to a doctor. Understanding your family history and getting regular screenings can help with early detection. Since signs and symptoms can differ from person to person, some individuals might not experience any until the Cancer is at an advanced stage. Always seek medical advice for tailored information and support.
1. Bladder Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Blood in urine, frequent need to urinate, painful urination, lower back pain, urgent need to urinate.
2. Bone Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Pain in the affected bone, swelling or a lump near the area, fractures that happen easily, fatigue, unexplained weight loss.
3. Brain Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Persistent headaches, seizures, changes in vision, speech, or hearing, difficulty with balance or coordination, changes in personality or behavior.
4. Breast Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A lump in the breast or armpit, changes in breast size or shape, dimpling or puckering of the skin, nipple discharge (blood or clear fluid), swelling or irritation in the breast area.
5. Carcinoid Tumors
Signs and Symptoms: Skin flushing, diarrhea, abdominal pain, wheezing or trouble breathing, rapid heartbeat.
6. Colorectal Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation), blood in stool or rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or cramps, unexplained weight loss, feeling that the bowel doesn't empty completely.
7. Esophageal Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, discomfort or pain in the chest, a persistent cough or hoarseness, food regurgitation.
8. Kidney Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Blood in urine, persistent back pain on one side, a noticeable mass in the abdomen or side, unexplained weight loss, fever or feeling very tired.
9. Leukemia
Signs and Symptoms: Extreme tiredness or weakness, frequent infections, unexplained bruising or bleeding, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss.
10. Liver Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, pain or swelling in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting, jaundice.
11. Lung Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A persistent cough that worsens, coughing up blood or rusty-colored mucus, chest pain that gets worse during deep breath or coughing, shortness of breath or wheezing, unexplained weight loss.
12. Lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin)
Signs and Symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin, fever and chills, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, fatigue.
13. Mesothelioma
Signs and Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, persistent cough or coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss, fatigue.
14. Mouth and Throat Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A sore or ulcer in the mouth that doesn't heal, white or red patches on the gums, tongue, or mouth lining, difficulty swallowing or chewing, a persistent sore throat or hoarseness, a lump in the neck.
15. Multiple Myeloma
Signs and Symptoms: Bone pain (especially in the back or ribs), fatigue and weakness, unexplained fractures, high calcium levels in the blood (which can cause nausea and confusion), frequent infections.
16. Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A lump in the neck, stuffy nose or nasal congestion, nosebleeds, hearing loss or ear infections, sore throat or difficulty swallowing.
17. Neuroendocrine Tumors
Signs and Symptoms: Symptoms can vary depending on tumor location and hormone release, skin flushing, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight changes.
18. Ovarian Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal bloating or swelling, feeling full quickly while eating, pelvic or abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea), frequent urination.
19. Pancreatic Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, upper abdominal pain that may spread to the back, new diabetes or changes in blood sugar levels.
20. Prostate Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Trouble urinating or weak urine flow, frequent urination, especially at night, painful urination or ejaculation, blood in urine or semen, pain in the lower back, hips, or pelvic region.
21. Skin Cancer (Melanoma)
Signs and Symptoms: A new sore or growth that doesn't heal, changes in an existing mole (size, shape, color), itching or pain in a mole, a mole that is uneven or has irregular edges, dark streaks under the nails or on the soles of the feet.
22. Stomach Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: Unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, feeling full after eating small amounts.
23. Testicular Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A lump or swelling in one testicle, a heavy feeling in the scrotum, pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum, back pain, changes in how a testicle feels.
24. Thyroid Cancer
Signs and Symptoms: A lump in the neck, changes in voice (hoarseness), trouble swallowing or breathing, swollen lymph nodes, unexplained neck pain.
25. Uterine Cancer (Endometrial)
Signs and Symptoms: Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause), pelvic pain or discomfort, unusual vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, low back pain.
Key Statistics
ACS estimates for 2026 indicate a rising challenge with nearly 158,850 new cases expected across the country.
- 108,860 new cases of colon cancer.
- ~50,000 new cases of rectal cancer.
- Lifetime Risk (Men): 1 in 24.
- Lifetime Risk (Women): 1 in 26.
Understanding Colorectal Cancer Impact
Colorectal cancer includes cancers of the colon and rectum, and it is a serious health issue in the U.S. It continues to be a significant challenge, especially for younger adults. Ongoing research and public awareness efforts are essential to encourage screening and improve treatment options. By understanding these trends, we can better support those affected and work towards reducing the overall health impact of colorectal cancer.
*Source: ACS Cancer Facts & Figures 2026 and official CDC health data benchmarks.
Mortality Impact
Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths when sex statistics are combined.
- 55,230 annual estimated deaths.
- Leading cause of death for men under 50.
- Second leading for women under 50.
- 2nd most common cancer (excluding skin).
Trends & Insights
Diagnosis shifts indicate a rise in younger populations while overall rates for adults over 50 have decreased.
- Diagnostic rise of +140% by 2030 (Young adults).
- Greater diagnosis in women before age 50.
- Highest risk in Alaska Native populations.
Key Statistics
In the United States, Leukemia accounts for about 3–4% of all new cancer cases each year.
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In 2026, an estimated 60,000+ people will be diagnosed with some form of Leukemia, and more than 400,000 people are currently living with or in remission from the disease.
Understanding Leukemia Cancer Impact
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects how white blood cells are made and function. There are several main types, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Each type behaves differently and may require a unique treatment plan. Awareness of symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising, or unexplained weight loss and early detection through timely medical evaluation can greatly improve outcomes and expand treatment options.
Mortality Impact
Leukemia mortality has improved over the past few decades thanks to advances in chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and stem cell transplantation, but it still causes thousands of deaths each year, especially in older adults.
Survival rates vary widely by leukemia type and age. Acute Leukemias can progress quickly without treatment, while chronic eukemias may be managed for many years with ongoing therapy.
Trends & Insight
Over the past several decades, overall Leukemia survival has improved, especially for children and younger adults, thanks to advances in chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies.
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However, some Leukemia types remain difficult to treat, and older adults often face more aggressive disease and fewer treatment options.